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Objective: To describe fertility and explore factors associated with it among pre-conception couples of childbearing age. Methods: Based on the pre-conceptional offspring trajectory study of the School of Public Health of Fudan University, couples of childbearing age who participated in the pre-conception physical examination in Shanghai Jiading District from 2016 to 2021 were recruited and followed up. Couples' time to pregnancy (TTP) was analyzed and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the factors associated with TTP. Kaplan-Meier was used to calculate each menstrual cycle's cumulative pregnancy rate. Results: A total of 1 095 preconception couples were included in the analysis, the M(Q1,Q3)of TTP was 4.33 (2.41, 9.78) menstrual cycles. Age of women (FR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.95, P<0.001), women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy (FR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.24-0.55, P<0.001), women who were exposed to second-hand smoking (FR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.92, P=0.016), women whose home or office had been renovated in the past 2 years and had a particular smell (FR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.26-0.81, P=0.008) were risk factors for impaired fertility. Regular menstrual cycles (FR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.16-2.31, P=0.005), females who often drank tea/coffee (FR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.11-2.17, P=0.011) and males who took folic acid before conception (FR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.38-4.23, P=0.002) were associated with better fertility. The cumulative pregnancy rate of 3, 6, and 12 menstrual cycles was 37.6%, 64.4%, and 78.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Older couples, overweight or obesity before pregnancy, irregular menstruation, exposure to secondhand smoke and decoration pollutants in females are associated with impaired fertility. Frequent tea/coffee drinking before pregnancy in females and taking folic acid before pregnancy in males are associated with shortened conception time.
Assuntos
Gravidez , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos de Coortes , Sobrepeso/complicações , Café , Intenção , China/epidemiologia , Fertilidade , Obesidade/complicações , CháRESUMO
Objective:To explore the relationship between breastfeeding knowledge， self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding behavior among mothers of one-month old babies. Methods:Random sampling method was conducted for choosing 5 out of 13 community service health centers in Jiading district of Shanghai. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the mothers. Results:A total of 456 valid questionnaires were received， the full score of breastfeeding knowledge was set at 60， with an average of 47.17±5.65， ranging from 12 to 60. The full score of self-efficacy was set at 70， with an average of 47.70±14.48， ranging from 14 to 70. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of one-month old infants was 55.3%（252/456）. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that mothers with higher scores of breastfeeding knowledge had significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding （OR=1.717， 95%CI 1.034-2.851， P=0.037）. Those with higher scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy also had significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding （OR=5.736， 95%CI 3.455-9.522， P=0.001）. Conclusions:The breastfeeding knowledge and self-efficacy of mothers of one-month old babies were significantly associated with the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Medical staff should strengthen the delivery and cultivation of breastfeeding knowledge and skills for mothers to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy， and ultimately promote the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.
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Objective: To explore the influence of the combination of Shuxuetong (SXT) and aspirin on coagulation and fibrinolytic system of rats. Methods: Suture method was applied to establish focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury models in rats. SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) group, aspirin group, SXT group, and SXT + aspirin group (S&A). The neurological deficits were assessed according to Longa's grade 5 scoring method. The cerebral edema was detected by measuring the content of water in brain tissue. The volume of cerebral infarction was observed by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Blood plasma was collected by abdominal aortic method to test maximum platelet aggregation rate and four blood coagulation. CD61, CD62p, 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), antithrombin III (AT-III), D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue factor (TF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), platelet thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) content in rat plasma were detected by ELISA. Results: SXT combined with aspirin could improve the neurological deficits, alleviate cerebral edema, and decrease the cerebral infarct value. Compared with the sham operation group, fibrinogen (FIB), 6-PGF1α AT-III, and t-PA in model group were significantly decreased; Compared with the model group, the above-mentioned indexes in SXT and aspirin treatment group were significantly increased. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), D-dimer, PAI-1, TF, TXB2, and vWF of the model group were significantly increased; The above-mentioned indexes in blood SXT + aspirin treated group were significantly decreased. There was a significant difference between the combined group and SXT group. The maximum concentration of plateletsin aspirin treated rats was significantly decreased, however, MPAR was reversed in SXT + aspirin treated group. Conclusion: SXT combined with aspirin can effectively inhibit platelet activation, regulate the maximum concentration of platelets, and improve coagulation function and fibrinolysis system.
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Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus with sophisticated path-ogenesis which has not yet been fully elucidated. In this review paper, the mechanisms of metabolic abnormalities, insulin re-sistance,endoplasmic reticulum stress,neuronal calcium dysho-meostasis, in ammation, blood brain barrier impairment, and mitochondrial injury associated with DCD are reviewed. In addi-tion,the prevention and treatment of DCD by traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and the effective compounds are comprehen-sively summarized, in order to provide an updated overview on the DCD pathogenesis,as well as the scientific evidence under-pinning the use of TCM interventions for the treatment and pre-vention of DCD.
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The most nutrients required in the human diet come from plants. The nutritional quality of plant products affects the human healthy. The advance of molecular cloning and transgenic technology has provided a new way to enhance the nutritional value of plant material. Transgenic modification of plant nutritional value has progressed greatly in the following aspects: improving the quality, composition and levels of protein, starch and fatty acid in different crops; increasing the levels of antioxidants (e.g. carotenoids and flavonoids); breeding the new type of plants with medical value for human. To date, many transgenic plants with nutritional enhancement have been developed. These transgenic plant products could be directly used as human diet or as valued materials in developing the "functional food" with especial nutritional quality and healthy effects after they are approved by a series of evaluations on their safety and nutritional efficiency for human being. We designed new zinc finger transcription factors (ZFP-TFs) that can specifically down-regulate the expression of the endogenous soybean FAD2-1 gene which catalyzes oleic acid to linoleic acid. Seed-specific expression of these ZFP-TFs in transgenic soybean somatic embryos repressed FAD2-1 transcription and increased significantly the levels of oleic acid, indicating that the engineered ZFP-TFs are capable of regulating fatty acid metabolism and modulating the expression of endogenous genes in plants.